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DAWN

Daily Arts Web Nucleus

Discover the Arts! Each day a different image from the Literary, Performing, or Visual Arts representing a portion of Scripture

plus an explanation with links

2017 July 3

The Just Judges (detail from The Ghent Altarpiece) - (1427-1430)
Jan van Eyck (before c. 1390 - c. 1441))
Renaissance Style
Cathedral of St Bavo, Ghent, Belgium
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art

SPECIAL NOTE:

[ I will again be working through the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I will be adding links, resources, images, and the like, upgrading the former work-through which began with the 2013-10-12 posting which can be found, along with the full Genesis to Revelation postings, in the Archive Page. Postings will be at midnight Eastern Time, as I am able. However, no chapters will be skipped, even though a posting may be late. And all postings will be housed in the Archive Page. ]

     Explanation: Deuteronomy 19 focuses on conflict resolution. This would be facilitated by three means: appointing cities of refuge, respecting landmarks, and following the protocols for using witnesses in a trial. The first of these measures (appointing cities of refuge) was to allow a man-slayer to have a place where he might flee pending trial (1-3).
     If a man slew another unwittingly he must flee to the nearest city of refuge, lest the avenger of blood catch him and kill him (4-10).
     But if the killing was deliberate, then the slayer was to be delivered to the avenger of blood and executed (11-13).
     The second measure was to leave ancient landmarks in place so that an inheritance of land might not move from family to family or from tribe to tribe (14).
     The third measure was to make sure that the courts heard two or three witnesses against a man before he could be convicted. The judges were then to make diligent inquiry; and if a false witness accused a man of a crime, then the false witness would be judged and given the penalty which would have come upon the accused had he been convicted (15-21).
     [ Sermons: Albert Mohler. Various. ]
     [ Illustration: The central idea in Deuteronomy 19 is conflict resolution -- a job requiring just judges (as in today's painting). ]

RESOURCES

PLEASE NOTE: Use the resources on this and other sites thoughtfully, particularly the commentaries and encyclopedias. I have attempted to list conservative, scholarly resources. However, some providers use liberal or liberal-influenced commentaries such as the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (in Bible Hub). Such commentaries are undoubtedly included by the provider for the wealth of useful information and comments which they provide. By consulting several commentaries, it should be fairly easy to sort out the wheat from the chaff. If, however, you would like personal assistance, write to me at AD LIB ARTS EMAIL.

          [ THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: Deuteronomy 19: [1] Numbers 35:9; Joshua 20; Deuteronomy 4:41. [8-9] Joshua 1:4; Deuteronomy 30:6; Jeremiah 32:39-40; Daniel 12:12. [14] Deuteronomy 5:21. [17] Deuteronomy 17:9. -- From Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers ]

          [ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]

          [ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]

          [ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

          [ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]

HARMONY OF THE LAW

John Calvin - CCEL | Analytical Chart - BLB

GOSPEL HARMONIES

Gospel Harmony - Summary | The Harmony of the Gospels - Augustine | Gospel Harmony Chart - Online Bible

Greek Harmony of the Gospels - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF) | Gospel Harmony in English - Robertson - (Downloadable PDF)

HEBREW AND GREEK INTERLINEAR BIBLES

Bible Hub Interlinear Hebrew and Greek Bible

Bible Hub Hebrew Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Hebrew Interlinear

Mounce Interlinear | Bible Hub Greek Interlinear | Scripture 4 All Greek Interlinear Bible

Pentateuch Detailed Outline:

Genesis Detailed Outline:

Exodus Detailed Outline:

Leviticus Detailed Outline

Old Testament Offerings Chart

Numbers Detailed Outline

Deuteronomy Detailed Outline

Deuteronomy 19

{Pentateuch Outline: 14. Generations of Aaron & Moses (Nu 3:1 - Dt 34:12) 1445 - 1406 B.C. Sinai}

DEUTERONOMY (COVENANT INSTRUCTION CONTINUES: COVENANT RENEWED WITH 5TH GENERATION)

Moses Renews the Covenant: (Moses' Last Days) (Dt 1:1 - Dt 34:12) 1406 B.C. Transjordan

(Note 1: "Transjordan" = the East Side of Jordan)

(Note 2: Deuteronomy bears a striking resemblance to treaties found in Hittite, Syrian, and Mesopotamian cultures. These date from the 17^th to the 13^th centuries B.C. and are generally unilateral treaties given by a great king to a vassal state. With some variations, they have a basic 6 part structure: Preamble, Prologue, Stipulations, Preservation and Proclamation of the Covenant, Witnesses, and Sanctions. Deuteronomy has additional material, and the order varies. Treaty headings are in bold, below.)

(Note 3: The first 4 books of the Pentateuch could be considered its Historical Prologue. Material from those books is referred to by quotation or allusion frequently in Deuteronomy. These 4 are a sweeping, extended Prologue; and the shorter Prologue in Deuteronomy concentrates on Israel's more immediate history, especially their victories; and it draws out the implications of these, especially assurance. The Preamble, if any, in these 1st 4 books is in Ge 1:1, since it clearly implies that God, as creator of everything, has the right to establish and maintain the relationships of blessing and judgment found throughout the Pentateuch, and indeed in the whole of Scripture. The reason, purpose, and meaning of the Pentateuch are, therefore, implicit in the words "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.")

1. Moses' Farewell Address: (Dt 1:1 - Dt 33:29) 1406 B.C. Transjordan

a. Address: Part 1 - History - Covenant Preamble & Prologue (Dt 1:1 - Dt 4:49) 1406 B.C. Transjordan

(Note: 1:1-5 may be a later explanatory addition - cf., v. 5)

b. Address: Part 2 - Law - Covenant Provisions (Dt 4:44 - Dt 30:20) 1406 B.C. Transjordan

1. Stipulations (Laws) (Dt 4:44 - Dt 27:8 ) - 1406 B.C. Transjordan
(Note: Moses begins this section by exhorting Israel to "hear," "learn," and "obey." These and similar exhortations are repeated throughout Deuteronomy, but are especially prominent in chapters 5-27. Examples include Dt 1:18; 4:1-2,5-6,9-10,14-15; 5:1,28-33; 6:1-9,16-18; 7:11; 8:1,11; 10:12-13; 11:8,22-23,32; 12:1,28,32; 13:4,18; 18:15-20; 19:9; 26:16; 27:1,10; 28:1,14-15; 29:1,12,29; 30:1-3,6,15-16,19-20; 31:12-13; 33:4,10. The people respond positively, saying "we will" hear and do - 5:27; it "shall be" our righteousness to do all - 6:25; and they "avouched" or "vowed" to keep YHWH's ways - 26:17. In response, YHWH ratified the covenant by accepting them as his people - 26:18-19.)

a. The Ten Commandments (covenant of their God, at Horeb - 5:2) (Dt 4:44 - Dt 13:18 ) - 1406 B.C. Transjordan
(Note: This section and the next, "The Civil Laws," emphasize the mutual "ownership" between YHWH and Israel. Here YHWH is called Israel's God - "Your God," - a phrase used repeatedly throughout the section to indicate that YHWH "belongs" to them in a special sense. In the next section the emphasis shifts, and Israel is repeatedly called not just the "people" of YHWH, but the "children of YHWH," emphasizing that Israel belongs to YHWH in a special sense. Both of these designations are used throughout the respective sections to motivate Israel to obedience.)

b. The Civil Laws (for the children of YHWH) (Dt 14:1 - Dt 27:8) - 1406 B.C. Transjordan

     ¹ When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses; ² Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it. ³ Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither.
     ⁴ And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past; ⁵ As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live: ⁶ Lest the avenger of the blood pursue [runs behind] the slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and slay him; whereas he was not worthy of death [and to him there is no judgment of death], inasmuch as he hated him not in time past. ⁷ Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee. ⁸ And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he promised to give unto thy fathers; ⁹ If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to walk ever in his ways; then shalt thou add three cities more for thee, beside these three: ¹⁰ That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be upon thee.
     ¹¹ But if any man hate [is hating] his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these cities: ¹² Then the elders of his city shall send and fetch him thence, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die. ¹³ Thine eye shall not pity him [cover over him], but thou shalt put away the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with thee.
     ¹⁴ Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

¹⁵ One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established. ¹⁶ If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong; ¹⁷ Then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the LORD, before the priests and the judges, which shall be in those days; ¹⁸ And the judges shall make diligent inquisition [shall inquire to do good]: and, behold, if the witness be a false witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother; ¹⁹ Then shall ye do unto him, as he had thought to have done unto his brother: so shalt thou put the evil away [and eradicate the evil] from among you. ²⁰ And those which remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil among you. ²¹ And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

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