DAWN
Daily Arts Web Nucleus
Discover the Arts! Each day a different image from the Literary, Performing, or Visual Arts representing a portion of Scripture plus an explanation with links 2017 October 17
Image 1: A Roman Matron (1905)
John William Godward (1861-1922)
Pre-Raphaelite / Neoclassical Style
Private Collection
Image Source: Wikipedia
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Image 2: King David Handing the Letter to Uriah (1611)
Pieter Lastman (1583-1633)
Dutch Golden Age Baroque Style
Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan, USA
Image Source: Wikipedia
SPECIAL NOTE:
[ I will again be working through the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation. I will be adding links, resources, images, and the like, upgrading the former work-through which began with the 2013-10-12 posting which can be found, along with the full Genesis to Revelation postings, in the Archive Page. Postings will be at midnight Eastern Time, as I am able. However, no chapters will be skipped, even though a posting may be late. And all postings will be housed in the Archive Page. ]
Explanation: 2 Samuel 11 David commits adultery with Bathsheba (symbolized by the first painting above). The occasion for this sin came about when David stayed in Jerusalem (see also 1 Chronicles 20:1) while Joab and the army were in the field fighting the Ammonites and besieging their chief city, Rabbah. This was in one of the more moderate seasons, Spring or Fall, probably in the Spring. Various commentators criticize David for being slothful, acting irresponsibly, exhibiting a lack of leadership, and similar accusations. Often they draw moral lessons from these supposed failures. However, the text makes no such accusations. David had sent Joab against an even more serious threat (recorded in the previous chapter -- parallel account in 1 Chronicles 19) and did not join him till a later point in the conflict. It may be that David's presence was not necessary on that occasion or on the one recorded in this chapter. Some also make a negative judgment against David for sleeping until the evening. However, siestas were commonplace on hot days. Or it may be that David was simply tired or ill on that day. So David may have been operating under perfectly normal circumstances and in complete moral innocence. In such a case, the point to be noted for moral application is that we may be seized by a temptation when all is well, with no prior neglect or sin on our part -- as were our first parents in the garden of Eden. Whatever the case may be, watchfulness and resistance are always key to avoiding sin. And once sin takes hold, it can be extremely difficult to resist; and its results may be harmful or even disastrous, as was the case for David (1).
After arising from his bed, David went to the roof of his house and saw a very beautiful woman (Bathsheba) washing herself from her uncleanness (i.e., cleansing herself according to the Law of Moses at the end of her menstrual cycle or some other uncleanness). He found out who she was, sent for her, had relations with her, and she became pregnant. Why did David do this? His internal motives are not clearly revealed, but we can see from his multiple wives (as mentioned in previous chapters) and from the infighting among his sons (as revealed in later chapters), that his loyalties would have been divided and he may not have seen among his sons a suitable successor to inherit his throne. He may, therefore, have acted upon an unrealized or half-realized desire to break away from his present, unsatisfactory -- (it would seem) -- life (2-5).
David tried to cover his sin by bringing her husband, Uriah the Hittite, home from the battlefield, hoping he would sleep with Bathsheba, and that the child would be considered his. But Uriah would not go down to his house while the ark and the servants of the LORD were suffering hardships out on the battlefield. Rather, he stayed with the other servants of David who were sleeping near the door of the king's house (6-13).
David then sent Uriah back to the battle with a letter to Joab. The letter commanded Joab to set Uriah in the hottest part of the battle and retire from him that he might die. Joab did so, Uriah died, and Joab sent word back to David (14-21).
The messenger told David about the battle and about the death of Uriah. David sent back words of encouragement to Joab to strengthen the fight against the city (22-25).
After Bathsheba mourned for her husband, David married her, and a son was born to him. "But the thing that David had done displeased the LORD." (26-27).
[ Sermons: Stuart Olyott. William Still. Various. ]
[ Illustration: Today's paintings depict the three main persons in today's chapter, Bathsheba, David, and Uriah. When David had Uriah killed , the event changed the whole course of David's life and kingship. ]
RESOURCES
PLEASE NOTE: Use the resources on this and other sites thoughtfully, particularly the commentaries and encyclopedias. I have attempted to list conservative, scholarly resources. However, some providers use liberal or liberal-influenced commentaries such as the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (in Bible Hub). Such commentaries are undoubtedly included by the provider for the wealth of useful information and comments which they provide. By consulting several commentaries, it should be fairly easy to sort out the wheat from the chaff. If, however, you would like personal assistance, write to me at AD LIB ARTS EMAIL.
[ THEMATICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY RELATED SCRIPTURES: 2 Samuel 11:
[1] 2 Samuel 10:14; 1 Chronicles 20:1; 1 Samuel 13:17-18.
[3] 2 Samuel 23:39.
[4] 1 Kings 2:13-22.
[5] Leviticus 20:10.
[8] Genesis 43:34.
[9] 1 Kings 14:27-28.
[11] 1 Samuel 4:11; 1 Samuel 4:18.
[16] 2 Samuel 11:24.
[21] Judges 9:53.
[26] Genesis 1:10; 1 Samuel 31:13.
-- From Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers ]
[ CHRONOLOGY: GENERAL. Patriarchs (Traditional). Judges # 1. Judges # 2. Kings # 1. Kings # 2. Prophets # 1. Prophets # 2. NT # 1. NT # 2. NT # 3. ]
[ MAPS: Maps # 1. Maps # 2. Maps # 3. Maps # 4. Maps # 5. ]
[ COMMENTARIES, ETC: GENERAL: Bible Study Tools; Bible Hub: Study Light; Blue Letter Bible // PSALMS: Monergism: Precept Austin: The Treasury of David; John Gill; John Calvin - Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[ MUSIC: GENERAL: The Cyber Hymnal // PSALMS: Genevan Psalter (Instrumental). VARIOUS ARTISTS: Micha'el Ben David. Sons of Korah. Fernando Ortega. Janet Isaac Morrison. Music of the Bible Revealed - Suzanne Haik-Vantoura. Dr. David Erb. Gregorian Chants. ]
HARMONY OF THE LAW
HEBREW AND GREEK INTERLINEAR BIBLES
2 Samuel Detailed Outline
2 Samuel 11
Note: In the Hebrew Bible 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel are one book. Also, 1 Kings and 2 Kings are one book.
Samuel and Kings reveal Israel's history from Samuel to the beginning of the Babylonian Captivity.
1 and 2 Chronicles, originally one book, trace the history of God's people from creation to the end of the Babylonian Captivity.
David's Reign as God's Chosen Dynastic King (2 Samuel 1:1 - 24:25) - 1010 - 971 B.C. Israel
A. Phase 1: As King Over Judah (2 Samuel 1:1 - 4:12) - 1010 - 1003? B.C. Judah
B. Phase 2: As King Over Israel (2 Samuel 5:1 - 24:25) - 1003? - 971 B.C. Israel (United Kingdom)
1. Initial Consolidation of His Rule (2 Samuel 5:1 - 7:29)
2. Full Consolidation of His Rule (2 Samuel 8:1 - 24:25)
1 And it came to pass, after the year was expired, at the time when kings go forth to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged [and they are sieging upon upon] Rabbah. But David tarried still at Jerusalem.
2 And it came to pass in an eveningtide [a time of the dusk], that David arose from off his bed, and walked upon the roof of the king's house: and from the roof he saw a woman washing herself; and the woman was very beautiful to look upon.
3 And David sent and enquired after the woman. And one said, Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?
4 And David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in unto him, and he lay with her; for she was purified from her uncleanness: and she returned unto her house.
5 And the woman conceived, and sent and told David, and said, I am with child.
6 And David sent to Joab, saying, Send me Uriah the Hittite. And Joab sent Uriah to David.
7 And when Uriah was come unto him, David demanded of him how Joab did, and how the people did, and how the war prospered.
8 And David said to Uriah, Go down to thy house, and wash thy feet. And Uriah departed out of the king's house, and there followed him [went behind him] him a mess of meat from the king.
9 But Uriah slept at the door of the king's house with all the servants of his lord, and went not down to his house.
10 And when they had told David, sying, Uriah went not down unto his house, David said unto Uriah, Camest thou not from thy journey? why then didst thou not go down unto thine house?
11 And Uriah said unto David, The ark, and Israel, and Judah, abide in tents; and my lord Joab, and the servants of my lord, are encampedin the open fields; shall I then go into mine house, to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? as thou livest, and as thy soul liveth, I will not do this thing.
12 And David said to Uriah, Tarry here to day also, and to morrow I will let thee depart. So Uriah abode in Jerusalem that day, and the morrow.
13 And when David had called him, he did eat and drink before him; and he made him drunk: and at even he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but went not down to his house.
14 And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah.
15 And he wrote in the letter, saying, Set ye Uriah in the forefront [before the face of] of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die.
16 And it came to pass, when Joab observed [guarded upon] the city, that he assigned Uriah unto a place where he knew that valiant men were.
17 And the men of the city went out, and fought with Joab: and there fell some of the people of the servants of David; and Uriah the Hittite died also.
18 Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;
19 And charged the messenger, saying, When thou hast made an end of telling the matters of the war unto the king,
20 And if so be that the king's wrath arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city when ye did fight? knew ye not that they would shoot from the wall?
21 Who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast a piece of a millstone upon him from the wall, that he died in Thebez? why went ye nigh the wall? then say thou, Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.
22 So the messenger went, and came and shewed David all that Joab had sent him for.
23 And the messenger said unto David, Surely the men prevailed against us, and came out unto us into the field, and we were upon them even unto the entering of the gate.
24 And the shooters shot from off the wall upon thy servants; and some of the king's servants be dead, and thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.
25 Then David said unto the messenger, Thus shalt thou say unto Joab, Let not this thing displease thee [be grievous in your eyes], for the sword devoureth one as well as another: make thy battle more strong against the city, and overthrow it: and encourage thou him.
26 And when the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she mourned for her husband.
27 And when the mourning was past, David sent and fetched her to his house, and she became his wife, and bare him a son. But the thing that David had done displease thee [was grievous in the eyes of] the LORD.
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