DAWN
Daily Arts Web Nucleus
Discover the Arts! Each day a different image from the Literary, Performing, or Visual Arts representing a portion of Scripture plus an explanation with links and a discussion forum 2014 February 1
Image 1: The Kitchen of the Moulin de la Galette (c. 1890)
Santiago Rusinoly y Prats (1861-1931)
Catalan Modernisme Style
Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
Image Credit: Web Gallery of Art
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Image 2: The Well-Stocked Kitchen (1566)
Joachim Beuckelaer (1533-1574)
Northern Mannerism Style
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Image Credit: Web Gallery of Art
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Image 3: Passover (1580-1581)
Palma Giovane (c. 1548 or 1550 - 1628)
Mannerism Style
San Giacomo dall'Orio, Venice, Italy
Image Source: Web Gallery of Art
Explanation: The three paintings above show various aspects of the feasts mentioned in Leviticus 23 -- the kitchen, the food, and one of the feasts. The second painting depicts some of the foods that might have been prepared for a Jewish feast, with the exception of the rabbit on the lower right and perhaps some others. The third painting depicts the manner in which the first Passover would have been celebrated -- standing, staff in hand, prepared to depart quickly (Exodus 12:11).
Leviticus 23 gives the laws concerning the seven main feasts in Israel: the Sabbath, the Passover & Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Firstfruits, the Feast of Pentecost, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, and the Feast of Tabernacles.
The First Feast, was the weekly Sabbath - held once every seven days, and about fifty-two times a year. No work was to be done on the Sabbath; and it was to be set apart for the LORD. Food for the Sabbath, as stated in Exodus 16:23-30, was to be prepared on the day prior (1-3).
The Second Feast was the Passover and Unleavened Bread. It lasted seven days; and the first and seventh days were Sabbaths, upon which no work was to be done (4-8).
The Third Feast was the Feast of Firstfruits. During this feast the people were to bring a sheaf of grain and offer it to the LORD the day after the Sabbath. Also, the worshiper was to offer a yearling lamb, a meal offering of flour, and a drink offering of wine (9-14).
The Fourth Feast was Pentecost, which came fifty days after the Feast of Firstfruits. It required a food offering of leavened bread plus seven lambs, one young bull, and two rams plus grain offerings, drink offerings, and food offerings. Also a male goat and two male lambs were to be offered along with the grain of the firstfruits. The day was to be a Sabbath of rest. Also, the Israelites were to remember the poor by not reaping the corners of their fields and by leaving gleanings for the poor and the stranger to gather (15-22).
The Fifth Feast was the Feast of Trumpets. It was to be a Sabbath and required offerings, as specified in Numbers 29:1-6 -- specifically, burnt offerings of one young bull, one ram, and seven yearling male lambs plus grain offerings, and one male goat as a sin offering (23-25).
The Sixth Feast is the Day of Atonement. It is a Sabbath and a day of mourning (26-32).
The Seventh Feast is the Feast of Tabernacles. It is to be celebrated for seven days. Offerings (specified in Numbers 29:12-38, etc.) are to be made during the festival (33-36).
During these Feasts the following offerings were to be made: "a sacrifice" (a sin offering, or perhaps the offerings generally); a burnt offering; a meat (grain) offering, "a sacrifice" (a sin offering, or perhaps a peace offering); and drink offerings. In addition, offerings of gifts, offerings to solemnize vows, and freewill offerings were to be given (37-38).
The LORD then gives additional rules about the Feast of Tabernacles -- specifically the command to make temporary shelters from the branches of the palm tree and other trees, and to live in them for seven days to commemorate how they lived for a while after they came out of the land of Egypt (39-43).
These were the feasts of the LORD (44).
Leviticus 23
1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
2 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, Concerning the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my feasts.
3 Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings.
4 These are the feasts of the LORD, even holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons.
5 In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD'S passover.
6 And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread.
7 In the first day ye shall have an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
8 But ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD seven days: in the seventh day is an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
9 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
10 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest:
11 And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.
12 And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD.
13 And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.
14 And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
15 And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete:
16 Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto the LORD.
17 Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the LORD.
18 And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto the LORD, with their meat offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto the LORD.
19 Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings.
20 And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits for a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.
21 And ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein: it shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.
22 And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am the LORD your God.
23 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
24 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation.
25 Ye shall do no servile work therein: but ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
26 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
27 Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
28 And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before the LORD your God.
29 For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people.
30 And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.
31 Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
32 It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath.
33 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
34 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD.
35 On the first day shall be an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
36 Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein.
37 These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day:
38 Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.
39 Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath.
40 And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
41 And ye shall keep it a feast unto the LORD seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month.
42 Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are Israelites born shall dwell in booths:
43 That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
44 And Moses declared unto the children of Israel the feasts of the LORD.
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copyright 2014, Scott Souza
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